Exploring the Potential of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Berberis vulgaris against Bacterial Spot of Tomato and its Surveillance in Poonch District

Bacterial spot of tomato is a major constraint to production in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates, leading significant crop losses. The current study aimed manage the highly devastating disease bacterial tomato, caused by Xanthomonas perforans, using green silver nanoparticles based on Berberis vulgaris plant extract. Disease parameters, namely prevalence incidence, were calculated from growing areas district Poonch, AJK, document status local cultivars. associated pathogenic strains purified, virulence was conducted healthy seedlings followed characterization morphological, biochemical, molecular analysis. B. extract used for preparation (AgNPs), three different concentrations prepared (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%). For texture composition study, AgNPs done Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Green then evaluated inhibition zone technique lab, it found that maximum 24.32 mm observed at 0.6% concentration. Similarly, greenhouse experiment, minimum incidence recorded treatment with concentration AgNPs. results showed reduction while against